Masood

Hebah Masood

media type="googlemap" key="http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=embed&hl=en&geocode=&q=brooklyn+bridge&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=50.823846,113.90625&ie=UTF8&hq=Brooklyn+Bridge&hnear=Brooklyn+Bridge,+New+York,+NY+10005&ll=40.70538,-73.99625&spn=0.020301,0.038418&layer=c&cbll=40.704716,-73.995223&panoid=d68um3euHFsfrjPfZ56wmw&cbp=12,137.46,,0,0.21&output=svembed" width="425" height="350"This is a street-view of what the bridge looks like.media type="googlemap" key="http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=brooklyn+bridge&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=30.323858,67.587891&ie=UTF8&hq=Brooklyn+Bridge&hnear=Brooklyn+Bridge,+New+York,+NY+10005&ll=40.70538,-73.99625&spn=0.020301,0.038418&t=h&output=embed" width="425" height="350"This is a satellite view of the Brooklyn Bridge.
 * 1) ======What is the name of the bridge? I researched the Brooklyn Bridge.======
 * 2) ======When and where was the bridge built? The Brooklyn Bridge was built in New York. It was designed by John A. Roebling who died before the bridge was finished. The work was taken over by his son, Washington Roebling. Its construction was finished in 1883.======
 * 3) ======What is the purpose of this bridge? What does it span and what does it connect? It was built as a connection for Manhattan and Brooklyn. It goes over the East River. It has a span of 486 meters (about 1594ft)======
 * 4) ======Why was this bridge needed? Many people did not think that a bridge was needed but many wanted a connection from Brooklyn to Manhattan that would last along time.======
 * 5) ======What type of bridge is it (arch, suspension, cable, beam, etc.)? The Brooklyn Bridge is a suspension bridge. A suspension bridge is a bridge that has thick wires that run the length of the bridge. They attach to two towers in the middle of the bridge by anchorages and they are connected to the ground at either end of the bridge.======
 * 6) ======How much did it cost? The Brooklyn Bridge cost 18.9 million dollars to build which is pretty cheap for a bridge now but was pretty expensive compared to its 7 million dollar estimate. It was also relatively small for a bridge.======
 * 7) ======What materials were used to build this bridge? The bridge is made of steel, granite, concrete, stone, masonry, and wood. The Brooklyn Bridge was the first suspension bridge to use steel cable wires. Steel was being used in railroads at the time and the bridge designer John Roebling wanted to use it instead of iron wires. Roebling called steel "the metal of the future." The cable wires have to be extremely strong because they were carrying the weight of the bridge. There were four main steel cables running the length of the bridge, each was 15 inches in diameter. Each of these cables was made up of 19 strands of steel wire, and each cable could hold 11,200 tons. The cables were suspended in a curve that connected the anchorages at the ends of the bridge to the two towers. There were two outer cables and two near the middle. workmen strung wire ropes from the cables down to the bridge floor. Workers then strung wire ropes from the cables down to the bridge floor, like a harp. Then they strung hundreds of heavy wire ropes diagonally from the top of the tower down to the bridge floor. They hoped this arrangement of wires would keep the bridge structurally strong.======
 * 8) What were some of the special challenges that the bridge engineers faced? How did they overcome these challenges? The bridge has two towers. To make them stronger they needed to build the foundation really deep under the riverbed. For the first time, dynamite was used during construction of a bridge to go deeper into the river bed. Mostly immigrant workers worked in giant 3,000 ton cylinders called caissons. These caissons were deep under the river bed so the foundation could be sturdier. The workers in the caisson were clearing away layers of silt, but these cylinders had hazardous working conditions. They were airtight and changes in the air pressure affected nitrogen levels in workers' bloodstream, causing many to get caisson disease. One worker described the inside of the cylinder as "an unreal, weird appearance. The pulse was at first accelerated, then sometimes fell below the normal rate. The voice sounded faint unnatur  al, and it became a great effort to speak." Twenty men died from caisson disease during the making of the bridge, and the heir head of the project, Washington Roebling, was paralyzed due to the disease. The picture here shows what a caisson looks like.[[image:http://www.cawreckdivers.org/Wrecks/caisson1.jpg width="150" height="109"]]
 * 9) How long did it take to build this bridge? The idea for a bridge was proposed in 1802 and the Brooklyn Bridge was finished 81 years later.
 * 10) What are the measurements of this bridge? It's 18 meters tall and is 1,834 meters long. It has a 486 meter span. It's capacity is 18,700 tons.
 * 11) ======Did you find any fun or interesting facts or stories about this bridge? They recently built waterfalls under the bridge. Many people died in the making of the bridge. Twenty people died from caisson's disease. On the day the bridge opened someone shouted a rumor that the bridge was in danger of collapsing; twelve people were trampled in the panic.======